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India - China Conflict explained

 India - China Conflict

India - China conflict: A brief history and current situation


India and China are two of the most populous and powerful countries in the world, but they have a long-standing and complex dispute over their shared border. The border, also known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC), stretches for about 3,440 km (2,100 miles) across the Himalayan region, and its exact location is often unclear and contested. The two countries have fought one war and several skirmishes over the border, and tensions remain high despite several rounds of diplomatic and military talks.

Origin Of Conflict:


The origin of the conflict can be traced back to the colonial era, when British India and China signed several treaties and agreements that demarcated parts of their border. However, after India gained independence in 1947 and China became a communist republic in 1949, both countries rejected some of these agreements and claimed sovereignty over different areas along the border. The main points of contention are Aksai Chin, a high-altitude desert ; Arunachal Pradesh, an Indian state that China claims as part of Tibet; and Sikkim.

Major clashes:


The first major clash between India and China occurred in 1962, when China launched a surprise attack on Indian positions along the border in Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh. The war lasted for a month and resulted in a defeat for India, which lost thousands of soldiers and large swathes of territory to China. A ceasefire was declared on November 20, 1962, but no formal peace treaty was signed. The war left a deep scar on India's psyche and shaped its foreign and security policies for decades.

After the war, both countries tried to ease tensions through diplomatic channels, but occasional incidents of violence continued to erupt along the border. In 1967, India and China fought another bloody skirmish at Nathu La pass in Sikkim, which left hundreds of soldiers dead on both sides. In 1975, four Indian soldiers were killed by Chinese troops in Arunachal Pradesh. In 1986-87, India and China came close to another war when they deployed troops in large numbers at Sumdorong Chu valley in Arunachal Pradesh. However, both sides eventually withdrew their forces after several rounds of talks.

In 1993, India and China signed an agreement on the maintenance of peace and tranquility along the LAC, which laid down some basic principles and confidence-building measures to prevent conflicts. In 1996, they signed another agreement on military confidence-building measures along the LAC, which prohibited the use of guns and explosives near the border. In 2005, they signed an agreement on political parameters and guiding principles for resolving their boundary question, which reaffirmed their commitment to seek a fair and mutually acceptable solution through dialogue. In 2012, they established a working mechanism for consultation and coordination on border affairs to deal with any issues that may arise along the LAC.

Despite these agreements, India and China have not been able to resolve their border dispute or even agree on a common perception of where the LAC lies. Both sides have continued to patrol and build infrastructure along the border, which has led to frequent standoffs and face-offs between their troops. Some of the notable incidents include:

- In 2013, Chinese troops set up tents at Depsang valley in Ladakh for three weeks before withdrawing after talks.
- In 2014, Chinese troops entered Chumar area in Ladakh during Chinese President Xi Jinping's visit to India.
- In 2017, India and China had a 73-day standoff at Doklam plateau near Sikkim-Bhutan-Tibet trijunction after Indian troops stopped Chinese road construction there.
- In 2020-21, India and China had their most serious confrontation since 1962 along several points of the LAC in eastern Ladakh. The standoff began in May 2020 when Chinese troops intruded into Indian-controlled areas near Pangong Lake and Galwan Valley. It was the fatal incident between India and China along the LAC .


In this video we can clearly see what china is doing to stop India's growth 



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